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The Lost Village of Christian's Spring

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People

This list aims to identify all the people who lived at Christiansbrunn, whether they did so for a short time or for a long while. We have identified more than 350 men, women, and children who lived at Christiansbrunn between 1749 and 1795. Most of these individuals are single men (or young men and boys learning trades), but some married couples also lived at Christiansbrunn. Included on this list are two African or African-American couples--Jacob and Margaret, Hannah and Joseph--who raised their families at Christiansbrunn. We also offer a sketch of the changing population of Christiansbrunn over time.

The spread of dates beneath each name indicates birth and death dates (when known), not, that is, the years that a person lived at Christiansbrunn. Such information is, in many cases, impossible to determine, since congregational membership catalogs--the primary source of information for the list below--do not often record when somebody arrived in the community or when he or she left it.

Continued examination of congregational diaries and minutes from leadership conferences will reveal additional names of individuals whose time at Christiansbrunn was not captured in the membership catalogs, which were produced irregularly.

Magdalene

1763-1776. Born in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. Occupation unknown. Daughter of Joseph and Hannah.

Joshua

????-1761. Born in Nigeria, had been an enslaved servant of Timothy Horsfield. Worked as a butcher.

Joseph

1715-1781. Born in Guinea. Lived at Christiansbrunn with his wife Hannah and daughters on tax lists from 1773-81.

Mary (Titus)

1766-1822. Born in Gnadenthal. Daughter of Hannah and Joseph; married Peter Titus on May 7, 1792.

Hannah

1761-1821. Born in Gnadenthal. Daughter of Hannah and Joseph.

Hannah

1720-1815. Born in Esopus, New York. Lived with Joseph, her husband, and their two daughters.

Andreas Albrecht

1718-1802. Born near Suhl, Germany. Worked as a gunstocker and a music teacher at Christiansbrunn, 1759-1766.

Benjamin Anders

1761-????. Born in Herrnsdorf, Germany. Worked as a button maker and as a farmer. Moved to Christiansbrunn in 1793.

Gottlieb Anders

????-1760. One of the first cohort of boys sent to Christiansbrunn in September 1757, assigned to learn to be a tailor. Died at Christiansbrunn.

Johann Angermann

1733-1775. Occupation unknown. Seems to have arrived in Christiansbrunn in 1764. Left in 1771 for mission work in Jamaica. Said to have died in Jamaica, but listed on 1775 tax list.

Jacob Arie

1745-1817. Born in Berbice, Guyana. Seems to have arrived in Christiansbrunn in 1762, where he lived with his family until they moved to Nazareth in 1774. Identified with his wife as "Molattos" and "free" on 1771-1773 tax lists.

Anne Elisabeth Arie

1775-1848. Born at Christiansbrunn. Daughter of Jacob and Margaretha Arie.

Johann Jacob Arie

1777-1789. Born in Christiansbrunn. Son of Jacob and Margaretha Arie.

Johannes Arie

1779-????. Born at Christiansbrunn. Son of Jacob and Margaretha Arie.

Anna Johanna Arie

1781-1858. Born in Christiansbrunn. Daughter of Jacob and Margaret.

Margaret (Christler) Arie

1743-1814. Born in Yorktown, Pennsylvania. Was married to Jacob in 1771 and lived at Christiansbrunn with her family.

Matthias Bacher

1725-1769. Born in Salzburg, Austria. Worked as a carpenter.

Philip Christian Bader

1715-1797. Born in Strasburg, Lower Alsatia. Served as pastor, and cultivated silkworms, at Christiansbrunn from 1752-1754.

Lorenz Bagge

1732-1789. Born in Rosencranz in Holstein, Germany. Superintended some of the boys who arrived at Christiansbrunn in September 1757. Worked as a woodcutter. Left Christiansbrunn in 1762 for Lititz.

John Frederick Beck

1751-1788. Born in Bethlehem. Worked as a carpenter. Moved to North Carolina.

Christian Henry Beck

1757-1843. Born in Bethlehem. Worked as an assistant in the brewery and as a shoemaker. Married in 1790 and lived at Christiansbrunn with his family.

John Valentine Beck

1731-1791. Born in Henneberg, Germany. Worked as a gunstocker and a music teacher.

Joachim Bell

Information unknown. Listed as "ad interim" in 1778 catalog. Seems to have arrived from Bethlehem to Christiansbrunn in 1777.

Jacob Beroth

1725-1817. Born in Oppau, the Palatinate, Germany. Worked as a farmer. Traveled with others to found the town of Bethabara in 1753.

Peter Best

Information unknown. With his wife, he rented the smithy at Christiansbrunn until March 1800.

Mary Margaret Best

Information unknown. She lived at Christiansbrunn with her husband, who rented the smithy at Christiansbrunn until March 1800.

Johann Beutel / Johann Beitel

1740-1840. Born in Pilgerhut, Surinam. Left Christiansbrunn for Bethlehem in September 1757 with six other boys. Seems to have lived at Christiansbrunn, with his wife and children, in 1803.

David Beutel

1755-1825. Born in Berbice, Guyana. Worked as a helper in the field.

Johann Biefel

1746-1780. Born in Nazareth, Pennsylvania. Occupation unknown.

Ludwig Biefel

1752-1797. Born in Nazareth, Pennsylvania. Worked as a farmer and in the cellar.

Stephan Blum

1734-1795. Born in Saucony, Pennsylvania. Worked as a smith at Christiansbrunn from 1758-1762.

Jacob Blum

1739-1803. Born in Saucon. Worked as a farmer. Moved to North Carolina in 1758.

David Blum

1743-????. Born in Nazareth. Occupation unknown. Left Christiansbrunn for Bethlehem in September 1757 with six other boys.

Daniel Blum

1748-1819. Born in Nazareth, PA. Left Moravian community before 1776, when he joined a continental army unit.

Henry Blum

1752-1824. Born in Bethlehem. Worked as a mason. Left for North Carolina in 1766.

Georg Frederick Boeckel

1716-1780. Born in the Palatinate. Worked on the farm. Left Christiansbrunn for Bethlehem on 12 September 1753.

Martin Boehmer

1717-1796. With his wife, a married couple in Christiansbrunn in 1755-1756.

Johann Friedrich Boehner

1745-1791. Born in St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands. One of the first boys to be sent to Christiansbrunn in September 1757, assigned to learn to be a tailor. Later worked as a tailor and a gardener.

Heinrich Bonn

Information unknown. Worked as a blacksmith. Left Moravian congregation between 1762-1763.

Jacob Bonn

1733-1781. Born in Skippack, Pennsylvania. Worked as a tailor.

Johannes Bonn

1719-1797. Born in Skippack, Pennsylvania. Worked as a deacon.

Johann Brandmüller

1736-1812. Born in Basel, Switzerland. Seems to arrived in Christiansbrunn as an assistant in the washhouse. Worked as a baker. Identified as infirm on 1773-1775 tax lists.

Nathaniel Braun

1763-1813. Born in Nazareth. Became a teacher and pastor.

Andreas Broksch

1702-1790. Born in Bürgenwald in Upper Silesia, Poland. Worked as a farmer and a gardener.

Johan Stephen Bruce

1748-1777. Born in Bethlehem. Trained as a scribe. Worked as a locksmith in Bethlehem in 1762.

Stephan Bruce

1784-????. Born in Saucon, Pennsylvania. Occupation unknown. Was asked to leave the congregation in 1797.

Johann David Brucker

1742-1790. Born in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. One of the first cohort of boys sent to Christiansbrunn, assigned to learn to be a shoemaker. Later worked as a master shoemaker. Went from Christiansbrunn to Lititz in 1769. Left Christiansbrunn again when he married on August 21, 1782.

Heinrich Brunner

1739-1818. Born in Alsace, France. Worked as a thresher. Lived as a single man and then later with his wife, Rosina, and their children at Christiansbrunn.

Rosina (Hartman) Brunner

1748-1819. Born in Salisbury Township, Northampton County, Pennsylvania. Lived with her husband and children at Christiansbrunn.

Joseph Bulitscheck

1729-1801. Born in Tumigad [modern equivalent unknown], Czech Republic. Worked as a carpenter/joiner/cabinet-maker.

Andreas Busse

1734-1806. Born in Tallinn, Estonia. Worked as a deacon.

WIlliam Carney

1780-1810. Born in Gnadenhutten. Worked as a smith. Moved to North Carolina in 1808.

Claus Cölln

1724-1806. Born in Neuendorf, Holstein, Germany. Worked as a carpenter.

Ephraim Culver

1717-1782. Born in Lebanon, Connecticut. Occupation unknown.

Friedrich Danke

1745-1793. Born near Hannover, Germany. Occupation unknown.

Detlef Delfs

1723-1795. Born in Emkendorf, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Worked as a cobbler and a sick-nurse. Left Christiansbrunn in October 1767 for Lititz and returned to Christiansbrunn in 1769.

Joseph Demuth

1748-1827. Born in Fredericktown, Pennsylvania. Occupation unknown.

Jeremias Denke

1724-1795. Born in Bielawa, Poland. Worked as a deacon.

Carl Jacques Dreyspring

1722-1794. Born in Bad Liebenzell, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Arrived at Christiansbrunn in September 1757 to superintend some of the boys assigned to various trades and moved to Bethlehem in April 1764. Worked as a tailor.

Zacharias Eckhardt

1713-1789. Born in Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Worked as a pharmacy seller.

Adolph Ekesparre

1729-????. Arrived on the Irene in 1756. Moved to become head master of the newly-opened Nazareth Hall in 1759.

Johann Jacob Ernst

1730-1802. Born in Aarau, Switzerland. Worked as a farmer and laborer. Left Christiansbrunn in 1762.

Christian Ettwein

1752-1798. Born in London, England. Moved from Bethlehem to Christiansbrunn in December 1767 to learn the shoemaker's trade.

Henrich Feldhausen

1721-????. Born in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Worked as a shoemaker. Traveled with 12 others to found the town of Bethabara in 1753, which he left by 1771.

Nicolaus Fleissner

1720-1801. Born in Asch, Czech Republic. Worked as a helper on the plantation and as a thresher, and attended to the cellar.

Johannes Flex

1753-????. Born in Nazareth, Pennsylvania. Worked as a helper in the mill and as a weaver. Moved to North Carolina in 1766, to Christiansbrunn in 1785, and to Hope, New Jersey, in 1786.

Samuel Flex

1751-1782. Born in Nazareth, Pennsylvania. Worked as a linen weaver. Entered, and crossed out, on 1781 tax preparation list.

Henry Frey

1724-1784. Moved to Lititz from Christiansbrunn, where he worked as a master carpenter.

Martin Freyhube

1720-1813. Born in Olesnica, Poland. Worked as a waggoner, cobbler, a farmer, and in the distillery.

John Jacob Fries

1708-1793. Born in Odense, Denmark. Worked as a chaplain and a deacon.

John Georg Fuchs

Information unknown. He and his wife seem to have rented a Christiansbrunn farm for 7 years by 1799.

Anna Elisabeth Fuchs

Information unknown. She and her husband seem to have rented a Christiansbrunn farm for 7 years by 1799.

Jacob Fuchs

Information unknown. He lived with his parents on a Christiansbrunn farm, which in 1799 they had rented for seven years.

Magdalena Fuchs

Information unknown. She lived with her parents on a Christiansbrunn farm, which in 1799 they had rented for seven years.

Johannes Führer

1760-????. Born in Nazareth, Pennsylvania. Worked as a helper in kitchen and as a farmer.

Johann Nicolaus Funck

1720-1795. Born in Neuendorff, Germany. Worked as a plantation worker, a headmaster, and a cellar master.

Lucas Fuss

1722-????. Born in Basel, Switzerland. Worked as a baker and laborer. Returned to Switzerland in 1762.

John Garrison

1729-????. Born on Staten Island. Worked as a cobbler.

George Glatt

1746-1773. Birthplace unknown. Worked as a blacksmith.

Peter Goetje, Sr.

1716-1798. Born in Holstein, Germany. Worked as a shoemaker. Lived in Christiansbrunn as a widower.

Georg Wenzeslaus Golkowsky

1725-1813. Born in Cieszyn, Poland. Worked as a carpenter, an accounting officer, and a land surveyor.

Andreas Gross

1714-1768. Born in Pomorzowice, Poland. Worked as a farmer.

Nicolas Gruen

1743-????. Birthplace unknown. Occupation unknown.

Jacob Hafner

1709-1773. Born in Zurich, Switzerland. Worked as a stocking weaver. Identified as a married man on 1766 & 1771 tax list.

Heinrich Haldemann

1784-????. A boy who had been bound since November 1799 and was obligated for a year.

[James Hall]

1724-1783. Born in Bradford, Yorkshire, England. Worked as a cloth weaver and a fuller.

Johannes Hanke

1750-????. Born in Gnadenthal, Pennsylvania. Worked as a cook and as cobbler master. Moved to Salem in 1786.

Rachel (Klein) Hanke

1775-1852. Born in Plainfield Township. Married Johann Jacob Hanke on 31 July 1796 and lived with her husband at Christiansbrunn.

Nathaniel Hantsch

1749-1821. Born in Bethlehem. Worked in the gunshop, probably as a locksmith, during the Revolutionary War.

Adolph Hartman

1744-????. Worked as a smith. Moved in 1775 to Hope, New Jersey.

John Heckedorn

1773-????. Born in York, Pennsylvania. Arrived from Lititz to Christiansbrunn in January 1791. Worked as farmer.

Erhard Heckedorn

1726-1763. Born in Basel, Switzerland. Worked as a farmer. Left Christiansbrunn for North Carolina in 1756.

John Heckewelder

1743-1823. Born in Bedford, England. Left Christiansbrunn for Bethlehem in September 1757 with six other boys. Later worked as a missionary.

Christian Heinze

1749-????. Born in Glinzig, Germany. Worked as a linen weaver.

Caspar George Hellerman

1724-1760. Born in Quedlinburg, Germany. Arrived at Christiansbrunn in September 1757 to superintend some of the boys assigned to various trades. Worked as a tailor.

Gottfried Hennig

1745-1825. Born in Seifhennersdorf, Germany. First arrived in Christiansbrunn in October 1786. Worked as a linen weaver.

John Paul Hennig

1715-1783. Born in Germany. Worked as a cook and as a teacher.

William Henry

1757-1821. Born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Worked as a gunsmith.

Johann Christoph Hensel

1725-????. Born in Upper Lusatia, Germany. Worked as a weaver and a smith. Left Christiansbrunn and Moravian communities in April 1752.

Georg Christoph Heppner

1713-1791. Born in Lindau, Saxony, Germany. Worked as a household helper. Seems to have moved to Nazareth Hall in 1765.

Jacob Herr

1718-1783. Born in Laufen, Germany. Worked as a farmer and a builder. Seems to have left Christiansbrunn in 1763.

Samuel Herr

1716-1773. Born in Württemberg. Worked as a builder.

Jacob Herrmann

1715-1803. Born in Holstein. Worked as a stocking weaver. Left Christiansbrunn for Bethlehem in 1796.

Abraham Hessler

????-1800. One of the first cohort of boys sent to Christiansbrunn, assigned to learn to be a scribe. Died as pastor of Bethabara.

Johannes Hirt

1760-????. Born in Nazareth. Worked as a plantation worker.

Martin Hirt

1729-1760. Born in Limbach, Germany. Occupation unknown.

Elias Hirte

1750-????. Born in Gnadenthal. Left Christiansbrunn in 1773, "secretly."

Phillip Jacob Hoeger

1728-1796. Born in Friesach, Austria. Worked as a tailor master and a sick warden.

Thomas Hoffman

1719-1770. Born in Württemberg, Germany. Worked as a farmer.

Johannes Hoffman

1760-????. Born in Philadelphia. Worked as a farmer. Left Christiansbrunn for Bethlehem in 1796.

Andreas Holder

1731-1779. Born in New York. Worked as a linen weaver.

George Holder

1729-1804. Born in Oley, Pennsylvania. Worked as a farmer. Moved to Bethabara in 1754.

Adam Hossfeld

1719-????. Born in Schweina, Thuringen. Worked as at "House-Work" and as a saddler.

Joseph Huber

1747-1817. Birthplace unknown. Worked as a shoemaker. Married Dorothea Ronner (1747-1826) in 1778 and died in Hope, New Jersey.

Johann Georg Huber

1718-1790. Born in Baden, Germany. Worked as a smith. Married the widow Anna Marie Berck Lenhert in 1757 and lived with his family at Christiansbrunn.

Elisabeth Huber

1758-1803. Born in Christiansbrunn. Married Matthaues Hanke in 1784.

Joseph Hübsch

1707-????. Born in Tschittenitz. Worked as a shepherd in Christiansbrunn, later as a potter in Bethlehem.

Johann Adam Huth

1737-1802. Born in Hanau, Germany. Only had one arm; worked as a farmer.

Erich Ingebretsen

1721-1759. Born in Osterdalen, Norway. Worked as a mill-wright and carpenter. Traveled with others to found the town of Bethabara in 1753.

Johannes Jag

1730-1811. Born in Zauchtenthal, Moravia. Lived with his wife at Christiansbrunn from 1785-1788. Worked as a gardener and farmer.

Barbara (Holder) Jag

1747-1816. Born in Allemangel, Lynn Township, Pennsylvania. Married Johannes Jag and lived at Christiansbrunn from 13 April 1785-1788.

[Jost Jansen]

1719-1790. Born in Suetland in Stalborg. Worked as a builder and a cook.

Abraham Jorde

1747-1770. Birthplace unknown. Worked as a thresher. Moved to Bethabara in 1769.

Margaret (Horn) Jorde

1721-1782. Born in Leminsgen, Germany. Worked as a farmer. Lived at Christiansbrunn with her husband and children (four in 1756).

John Jorde

1706-1760. Born in Hischfelde, Silesia. Worked as a carpenter. Lived at Christiansbrunn with his wife and children (four in 1756).

Gottlob Jung

Information unknown. Arrived in American in November 1770.

George Jungmann

1720-1808. Born in Hockenheim, Palatinate. Worked as a missionary.

Daniel Kamm

1715-1782. Born in Würtemberg, Germany. Worked as a cobbler. Identified as infirm on 1773 tax list. Entered, and crossed out, on 1781 tax preparation list.

Jacob Kapp

1728-1807. Born in Münchenstein, Switzerland. Worked as a farmer. Moved to Bethabara in 1754.

Johannes Kaske

1750-????. Born in Moker, Germany. Arrived in Christiansbrunn on 25 November 1793. Married in 1796 and remained with his family at Christiansbrunn, renting a farm until 19 November 1799.

John Renatus Kaske

1749-1823. Born in Berbice, Suriname. Worked as a coachman. Moved to Salem in 1786.

Johannes Gottfried Kaske

1797-????. Born at Christiansbrunn & lived with his family there until they moved to Gnadenthal on 19 November 1799.

Anna Maria Shultz Kaske

Information unknown. A widow, married Johannes Kaske in 1796 and remained with her family at Christiansbrunn, renting a farm until 19 November 1799.

Marcus Kiefer

1718-1791. Born in Durlach, Germany. Worked as a farmer.

Johann Klein

????-1770. Left for Salem in March 1770 and drowned while traveling in August of that year.

Jens Kolkier

????-1757. First death among the single brethren in Christiansbrunn.

Joachim Kopke

1751-????. Born in Brandenberg, Germany. Worked as a farmer. Arrived in Christiansbrunn in September 1786 and left it for Nazareth in 1796.

Matthaeus Krause

1747-1799. Born in Nazareth, Pennsylvania. Worked as a farmer. Entered, and crossed out, on 1781 tax preparation list.

John Kremser

1758-1823. Born at Nazareth. Worked as a farmer.

Johann Laesch

Information unknown. Seems to have arrived (again) in Christiansbrunn from Bethlehem in April 1787.

William Lanius

1748-1814. Born in York, Pennsylvania. Worked as a tailor. Arrived in Christiansbrunn in 1762.

Samuel Lauck

1713-1786. Born in Anspach, Germany. Worked as a shirt tailor and a barber ("employed in House-Work" in 1756). Identified as inform on 1773-1775 tax list.

Friedrich Leinbach

Birth and death years unknown. Birthplace unknown. Worked in the barn and in the store.

John Henry Lenzner

1732-????. Born in Strasburg, Germany. Occupation unknown. Moved to North Carolina in 1758.

Joseph Levering

1755-1797. Born in Bethlehem. Worked as a gun stocker and as distiller. Married the widow Elizabeth Smith in 1787 and lived with his wife in Christiansbrunn until they moved to Nazareth, where Levering worked as a tinker, a blacksmith, and (in the 1790s) a gun stocker.

Anna Liebisch

1713-1770. Born in Zauchtenthal, Moravia. Married to Martin Liebisch and lived with her family at Christiansbrunn. Worked at an orphanage.

Martin Liebisch

1698-1766. Born in Zacuhtenthal, Moravia. Lived with his wife and children at Christiansbrunn.

George Lischer

1768-????. Born in Nazareth. Occupation unknown. Entered, and crossed out, on 1781 tax preparation list.

William Lister

1715-1807. Born in Yorkshire, England. Worked as a master tailor and a headmaster.

Christoph Lobach

1764-1814. Born in Europe. Worked as a farmer. Moved to North Carolina in 1796.

Abraham Loesch

1765-1843. Born in Bethabara. Occupation unknown. Entered, and crossed out, on 1781 tax preparation list.

George Loesch

1737-1811. Born in Tulpehocken. Worked as a builder.

Johann Jacob Loesch

1722-1782. Born in Schoharie. Was the first warden of Christiansbrunn in 1749. Traveled with 12 others to found the town of Bethabara in 1753.

Jacob Loesch, Jr.

1760-1821. Born in Bethabara, NC. Worked as a gun stocker. Entered, and crossed out, on 1781 tax preparation list.

Christoph Heinrich Loether

1719-1802. Born in Perleberg, Germany. Worked as a shoemaker. Left Christiansbrunn for Nazareth in 1796.

Jacob Luch

1756-1831. Born in Darmstadt, Germany. Arrived in Christiansbrunn in January 1790. Worked as a baker and cook.

Agnes (Pens) Luch

Information unknown. Wife of Johann Jacob Luch. Lived with her family in Christiansbrunn.

Nils Lund

1728-1795. Moved to North Carolina. Worked as a locksmith.

Jacob Lung

1713-1778. Born in Württemberg, Germany. Worked as a farmer. Traveled with 12 others to found the town of Bethabara in 1753.

Christian Matthiesen

1712-1796. Born in Jutland, Denmark. Worked as a beer brewer and a distiller.

Ludwig Meinung

1743-1817. Birthplace unknown. One of the first cohort of boys sent to Christiansbrunn in September 1757, assigned to learn agriculture. Worked as a thresher. Moved to Salem in 1771.

Christopher Merkly

1713-1798. Born in Würtemberg. Worked as a baker. Traveled with 12 others to found the town of Bethabara in 1753.

Phillip Jacob Meyer

1722-1782. Born in Würtemberg. Arrived at Christiansbrunn in September 1757 to superintend some of the boys assigned to various trades. Worked as a cobbler.

Simon Christian Meyer

1719-1786. Born in Bad Langensalza, Germany. Worked as a button-maker and a deacon.

Paul Micksch

1763-1836. Born in Bethlehem. Worked as a smith salesman. Entered, and crossed out, on 1781 tax preparation list.

Nathaniel Micksch

1743-1827. Born in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. One of the first cohort of boys sent to Christiansbrunn, assigned to agriculture. Later worked as a thresher, a miller, and a farmer. Entered, but crossed out, on 1781 tax preparation list.

Johann Christian Micksch

1752-1823. Born in Bethlehem. Arrived in Christiansbrunn in 1775, where he worked as a master smith. Married Philippina Loesch and lived as a married couple at Christiansbrunn. Moved to Nazareth by 1796.

David Micksch

1745-1793. Born in Nazareth. One of the first cohort of boys to be sent to Christiansbrunn in September 1757, assigned to learn agriculture. Worked as a plantation worker and a woodcutter.

John Möller

1748-????. Identified as a married man in 1766 tax list. Moved from Christiansbrunn to Bethlehem in November 1767.

Peter Mücke

1747-1816. Born in Nazareth. Worked as a farmer. Lived in Christiansbrunn as a single man and again as a married man, with his wife and family.

Matthaeus Mücke

1755-1832. Born in Bethlehem. Worked in the laundry and as a farmer. Married Catherine Blickensderfer in 1782 and the couple lived at Christiansbrunn.

Catherine (Blickensderfer) Mücke

1761-1823. Born in Lititz. She married Matthaeus Mücke in 1782 and the couple lived in Christiansbrunn until 1792, when they moved to Lititz.

Heinrich Müller

1760-????. Born in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. Worked on the plantation.

Johann Nagel

1715-1759. Born in Württemberg, Germany. Profession unknown. Moved to Bethabara in 1754.

Lorenz Nielsen

1715-1785. Born in Calstrup, Denmark. Worked as a carpenter. Identified as infirm on 1773 tax list.

Johann Nixdorf

Information unknown. One of the first cohort of boys sent to Christiansbrunn in September 1757, assigned to learn to be a shoemaker. Later worked as a thresher.

Samuel Nixdorf

1745-????. Birthplace unknown. One of the first cohort of boys sent to Christiansbrunn in September 1757, assigned to learn to be a scribe. Later worked as a woodcutter.

James Noble

Information unknown. One of the first cohort of boys sent to Christiansbrunn in September 1757, assigned to learn to be a scribe.

Heinrich Oerter

1752-1778. Born in Bethlehem. Moved from Christiansbrunn to Bethlehem in February 1768.

William Okley

1728-????. Born in Bedford, England. Worked as a carpenter.

Joseph Otto

Information unknown. One of the first cohort of boys sent to Christiansbrunn in September 1757, assigned to learn to be a scribe.

Johann August Peterman

1775-????. A non-Moravian living with his mother and siblings at Christiansbrunn in 1799.

Johann Werner Peterman

1786-????. A non-Moravian living with his mother and siblings at Christiansbrunn in 1799.

Hans Petersen

1725-1763. Born in Schleswig, Germany. Worked as a tailor. Traveled with 12 others to found the town of Bethabara in 1753.

Hans Peterson

1755-1805. Born in Ostruz, Holstein. Arrived in Christiansbrunn in September 1786. Worked as a farmer.

Polyxena Peterman

1756-???? A non-Moravian widow living at Christiansbrunn with her 4 children in 1799.

Friedrich Jacob Pfeil

1711-1786. Born in Winnenden, Wurttemburg. Worked as a cobbler. Traveled with 12 others to found the town of Bethabara in 1753.

Michael Pitzman

1726-1791. Born in Babenhausen, Germany. Worked as a waggoner and as a steward.

Georg Proske

1748-1835. Born in Upper Silesia. A miller. Arrived in Christiansbrunn in March 1787. Married Mary Elizabeth Frey on May 20, 1792 and lived with his family at Christiansbrunn. Had moved to Nazareth by 1801.

Maria Elizabeth (Frey) Proske

1760-1816. Born in Allemangel, Pennsylvania. Married George Proske in 1792 and lived with her family at Christiansbrunn.

Martin Ramstein

Information unknown. Seems to have lived with and served Peter and Mary Margaret Best, who rented the smithy at Christiansbrunn.

George Michael Rancke

1729-1813. Born in Earlington, Pennsylvania. Worked as a farmer. Moved to North Carolina.

Philip Rancke

1734-1815. Born in Earlington, Pennsylvania. Worked as a farmer and a thresher.

Melchior Rasp

1718-1785. Born in Salzburg, Austria. Worked as a mason. Moved to North Carolina in 1755.

Owen Rice, Jr.

1751-1820. Born in New York. Occupation at Christiansbrunn unknown.

Peter Rice

1743-????. Born in Bethlehem. One of the first cohort of boys sent to Christiansbrunn in September 1757, assigned to learn to be a tailor. Later apprenticed as a gunstocker.

John Rogers

1722-????. Born in Portsmouth, England. Worked as a sailor.

Martinus Roleder

1724-1797. Born in Zauchtenthal, Moravia. Worked as a farmer and took care of the pigs. Moved to Nazareth Hall on 30 May 1757 and later to Christiansbrunn. Left Christiansbrunn for Bethlehem in 1796.

Anton Ronner

Information unknown. One of the first cohort of boys sent to Christiansbrunn in September 1757, assigned to learn to be a tailor.

Anna Rosina Rose

1751-1817. Born in Christiansbrunn, Pennsylvania. Occupation unknown.

[Johannes Roth]

1726-1791. Born in Saarmund, Prussia. Worked as a locksmith.

Jacob Rubel

1725-1813. Diersdorf, Wittgenstein. Worked as a joiner or cabinet-maker.

Christian David Ruch

1775-1775. Born at Christiansbrunn, one of two twins. Lived only three weeks.

Michael Ruch

1718-1790. Born in Bad Heilbrunn, Germany. Worked as a butcher, but also helped out within the households as he could.

Anne Marie Ruch

1775-1775. Born at Christiansbrunn, one of two twins. Lived only six weeks.

Michael Ruch II

1727-1797. Born in Eckendorf, Alsace. Worked as a farmer and as a brewer. Listed as a married man on 1771-1781 tax lists, living with his two daughters (1781).

Heinrich Gottlieb Rüdie

1750-????. Arrived in Christiansbrunn on 6 June 1774 and left "according to his own choice" in 1775.

[Samuel Saxon]

1724-????. Born in Chamber Hills, England. Worked as a barber and a farmer

Friedrich Schaefer

1757-????. Born in Gnadenthal. Worked as a farmer. Entered, and crossed out, on 1781 tax preparation list.

Johann Schaub

1744-1803. Birthplace unknown. One of the first cohort of boys sent to Christiansbrunn in September 1757, assigned to learn agriculture. Later worked as a woodcutter. Moved to North Carolina.

Johann Adam Schaus

1704-1770. Born in Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany. Was the first miller at Christiansbrunn in 1748.

Maria Barbara (Baum) Schaus

1707-176?. Born in Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany. Lived at Christiansbrunn with her husband, the first miller.

Martin Schenck

1733-????. Born in Suchdol nad Odrou, Czech Republic. Worked as a mason.

George Schindler

1727-1809. Born in Zauchtel, Moravia. Worked as a carpenter and linen weaver.

Johann Schmidt

1708-1786. Born in Upper Silesia. Occupation unknown.

Anna Catherine Schmidt

1727-1762. Born in Heidelberg, Pennsylvania. Worked as a missionary to Native Americans. Lived with his wife and children (three in 1756) at Christiansbrunn.

Johann Georg Schmidt

1719-1790. Born in Würtemberg, Germany. Worked as a smith. Lived with his wife at Christiansbrunn.

David Schmidt

1758-1779. Born in Bethlehem. Occupation unknown.

Christian Schmidt

1696-1785. Born in Jütland, Denmark. Held no working positions due to old age.

Christoph Schmidt

1714-c.1781.Born in Nuremberg, Germany. Worked as a tailor and Hexelschmitt. Came to Christiansbrunn in October 1767.

Anton Schmidt

1725-1793. Born in Pressburg, Hungary. Lived with his wife and children (three in 1756) at Christiansbrunn. May have worked as a tinsmith.

Johannes Schnall

1754-1819. Born in Bethlehem. Worked as a flour miller and as a deacon.

Jacob Schnall

1761-1818. Born in Bethlehem. Worked as a farmer and as a carter, transporting items.

Johann Jacob Schoen [AKA Wuest]

1721-1760. Born in Switzerland. Worked as a locksmith. Returned to Christiansbrunn on 30 May 1757 [?] to live with and care for Jacob Rubel.

Andrew Schout

1700-1763. Occupation unknown, though he was responsible for silkworm culture at Christiansbrunn in 1754.

Johann Schuerzer

1743-1785. Born in the Palatinate, Germany. Worked as a carter, providing transportation services.

Samuel Schultz

1760-1825. Born in Nazareth. Arrived from Bethlehem to Christiansbrunn in August 1787. Occupation unknown. Moved to North Carolina.

Matthaeus Schultz

1752-1826. Born in Cotbus, Germany. Arrived in Christiansbrunn in October 1791. Worked as a farmer and served as "hall-servant" at Christiansbrunn until 1 November 1801.

Anna Maria Shultz

Information unknown. She moved to Christiansbrunn with her widowed mother, who married Johannes Kaske, and lived there until 1799 when they moved to Gnadenthal.

Rachel Schultz

1766-1845. Born in Montgomery, Pennsylvania. Worked as a farmer for the Bethlehem boarding school.

Christina (Frey) Segner

1727-1816. Born in Falkner Swamp, Pennsylvania. Lived with her husband and children (two in 1756) at Christiansbrunn.

Henry Segner

1714-1763. Born in Germany. May have worked as a tailor. Lived with his wife and children (two in 1756) at Christiansbrunn.

[Heinrich Seidel]

1726-????. Born in Breithardt, Germany. Worked as a baker. Sent away from the community in 1759.

Johann Seiffert

1722-1802. Born in Suchdol nad Odrou, Czech Republic. Worked as a carpenter and a farmer.

Franz Seiffert / Seyfert

1728-1795. Born in Kraliky, Czech Republic. Arrived in Christianbsrunn on 14 March 1767 to oversee the weaver's shop (Leinweberey).

Gottlob Sensemann

1745-1800. Birthplace unknown. Was one of the first cohort of boys sent to Christiansbrunn in September 1757, assigned to learn to be a scribe. Later worked as a missionary.

Christiana Shebosh

????-1787. A Mahican woman, Christiana married the missionary Joseph Shebosh and they lived at Christiansbrunn.

Daniel Slabach

Information unknown. He and his wife Elizabeth seem to have been working in Christiansbrunn as bound servants in 1799. They had two children.

Elizabeth Slabach

Information unknown. She and her husband Daniel seem to have been working in Christiansbrunn as bound servants. They had two children.

John Georg Slabach

1799-????. Child of Daniel and Elizabeth Slabach, who were probably working as bound servants at Christiansbrunn.

Paul Slabach

Information unknown. Child of Daniel and Elizabeth Slabach, who were probably working as bound servants at Christiansbrunn.

Azarias Smith

1742-1783. Born in Lebanon, Connecticut. Was in Christiansbrunn by 1763, where he worked as a household helper.

Lucia (Biezer) Spohn

1714-1788. Lived with her husband, Matthew Spohn, at Christiansbrunn until his death.

Matthias Spohn

1711-1781. Born in Würtemberg, Germany. Occupation unknown. Identified as married man on 1766-1781 tax lists.

John George Stark

1718-1797. Born in Erlangen, Germany. Worked as a dyer, a stocking maker, and a cook.

Jacob Steiner

1734-1801. Worked as a miller. Moved to North Carolina in 1755.

Renatus Steiner

1737-????. Worked as a smith. Moved from Christiansbrunn to Bethlehem in 1755.

Samuel Steup

1757-1822. Born in Gnadenthal, Pennsylvania. Worked as a cook and on the plantation.

Christian Stotz

1711-1791. Born in Lauffen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Lived as a widower after 1773 at Christiansbrunn.

Anna Stotz

1713-1772. Born in Würtemberg, Germany. Occupation unknown.

Johan Jacob Stotz

1748-1800. Born in Lauffen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Worked as a leather worker and on the farms.

Henry Strauss

Information unknown. Lived briefly in Christiansbrunn; left and was readmitted to live in Bethlehem.

Immanual Striebe

Information unknown. Listed as "ad interim" in 1778 catalog. Seems to have moved from Bethlehem to Christiansbrunn in 1777.

Johannes Daniel Sydrich

1727-1790. Born in Frankfurt, Germany. Arrived at Christiansbrunn in September 1757 to superintend some of the boys assigned to various trades. Worked as a teacher and a deacon.

Johannes Thomas

1711-1791. Born in Pomerania, Germany. Worked as a mason and a carpenter.

[Edward Thorpe]

1721-1797. Born in Ribly, Yorkshire, England. Worked as a cobbler, a teacher, and a deacon.

Johann Christian Till

1762-1844. Born in Gnadenthal. Arrived in Christiansbrunn in 1791 and managed its Economy from 1791-93.

Matthias Tomerup

1725-1778. Born in Jutland. Worked as a brass and bell founder, arriving in Christiansbrunn only in 1777.

Samuel Utley

1745-1771. Birthplace unknown. Worked as a missionary in Antigua and died in Monocacy, Maryland.

Jacob van der Merk

1728-1773. Born in Esopus, NY. Married Christina Loesch (1733-1806) in 1759. Died in Bethabara, North Carolina, where he worked as a millwright.

Adam van Erd

1722-1794. Born in Soberheim, Palatine. Worked as a leather-breeches maker.

Jacob van Vleck

1751-1831. Born in New York. Worked as a pastor and administrator. Entered, but crossed out, from 1781 tax preparation list.

John Frederick Balthasar Vogenitz

1765-1837. Born in Salza, near Magdeburg, Germany. Arrived in Christiansbrunn on 19 October 1795 to work in the school. Also worked in the brewery.

Andreas Vogenitz

1799-1850. Born at Christiansbrunn, died in Newcomerstown, Ohio.

Andreas Wagenseil

1718-1796. Born in Swabia, Germany. Arrived in Christiansbrunn in 1764. Worked as a cobbler and tanner.

Johann Georg Wallis

Information unknown. Identified as "ad interim" (in the interim). Wallis had been in North Carolina, leaving there in late 1775.

Johann Henrich Walter

1728-1807. Born in Wachenheim, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Worked as a gardener.

Samuel Warner

1756-1816. Born in Oblong, New York. Arrived in Christiansbrunn in November 1791. Worked as a farmer.

John Warner

1759-????. Born in Oblong, New York. Worked as a carpenter.

Martha Warner

1794-1854. Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Worked as a farmer for the Bethlehem boarding school.

Johannes Weber

1745-????. Arrives in Christiansbrunn on 3 November 1773 and dismissed from the congregation on 30 September 1774.

Friedrich Nathanael Weber

1766-1797. Born in Bethlehem. Arrived in Christiansbrunn in 1781, where he trained as a scribe and accountant.

John Weisser

Information unknown. Received into congregation on 26 May 1785 & left Christianbrunn on 19 July 1786, having borrowed money and stolen a watch.

Ludwig Werner

Information unknown. A single man who in 1799 had been a bound servant for 2 1/2 years and would be free in 1800.

Wendel Westhoefer

1743-1769. Born in Muddy Creek, Pennsylvania. Occupation unknown.

Matthaeus Witke

????-1761. Birthplace unknown. Worked with the livestock at Christiansbrunn. Lived with his wife and children at Christiansbrunn.

Anna Elizabeth (Schmid) Witke

Information unknown. Married to Matthaeus Witke and raised her family at Christiansbrunn until his death in 1761. Moved to North Carolina in June 1762.

Juliana Witke

1759-1836. Born in Christiansbrunn. Worked at the Bethlehem boarding school.

Matthew Witke

1749-1803. Born in Nazareth. Worked in the brewery. Entered, and crossed out, on 1781 tax preparation list.

Jens Wittenberg

1719-1788. Born in Christiana, Norway. Worked with livestock at Christiansbrunn and later as master of the purse-making shop in Bethlehem.

Samuel Wutke

1722-1759. Moved to North Carolina in 1755. Worked as a farmer.

Matthias Zahm

1759-????. Born in Lancaster. Worked as a shoemaker.

David Zeisberger

1721-1808. Born in Herrnhut, Germany. Worked as a missionary.

[Michael Ziegler]

1741-????. Born in Pennsylvania. Worked as a farmer. Left for North Carolina in 1764.